{"id":"W1998109739","doi":"10.1002/0470018860.s00025","title":"Symbol‐grounding Problem","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Symbol (formal); Meaning (existential); Consciousness; Ground; Psychology; Communication; Epistemology; Computer science; Linguistics; Philosophy; Engineering; Electrical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002532992,0.0006587706,0.001139755,0.001746259,0.003138744,0.006666635,0.002345579,0.003564045,0.03773334],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01741242,0.0003485111,0.00105103,0.002276115,0.0137968,0.01764862,0.005787897,0.006744491,0.00398102],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002485826,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001496504,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002193519,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006396265,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9958897,0.001219176,0.0003191007,0.001106271,0.001093608,0.0003720617],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9917071,0.005148386,0.0002947755,0.001485392,0.001104798,0.0002595406],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000923389,0.000007100965,0.00005438425,0.00002273809,0.000003434752,0.00005223249,0.0001945099,0.0002126395,0.00006796742,0.9890646,0.004404247,0.005906931],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004761502,0.000002364328,0.00001751092,0.00001109477,0.000002149266,0.000054015,0.00007979999,0.0007072355,0.0001291443,0.9910192,0.007969481,0.000003222242],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.02788126,0.003176138,0.3141212,0.03361893,0.002703079,0.0001205766,0.0006516126,0.0006711542,0.6170561],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9032908,0.001925498,0.03965023,0.003047195,0.002103873,0.000153664,0.0009311434,0.0003100947,0.04858748],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03773334,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1262306,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01028404162830153,"score_gpt":0.3094195468172029,"score_spread":0.2991355051889013,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}