{"id":"W1998109739","doi":"10.1002/0470018860.s00025","title":"Symbol‐grounding Problem","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Symbol (formal); Meaning (existential); Consciousness; Ground; Psychology; Communication; Epistemology; Computer science; Linguistics; Philosophy; Engineering; Electrical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007696929,0.0001728641,0.0002332271,0.0002782291,0.0003633904,0.00005842456,0.0005341338,0.0001672492,0.006155056],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007850411,0.0001468984,0.00007276086,0.00100547,0.00202129,0.0003943101,0.00008096021,0.0001687483,0.0003108544],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001173089,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007575992,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002070048,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003033942,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978058,0.00008889465,0.0001985302,0.00041246,0.001011324,0.0004829357],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990872,0.00009503158,0.0002901827,0.0001246839,0.0002425614,0.0001603524],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002044178,0.0002765986,0.001459975,0.0001500016,0.0000712422,0.00002646208,0.08645961,5.560172e-7,0.0002999164,0.05818652,0.2291423,0.6239064],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001881556,0.00003833089,0.0009550725,0.0007561019,0.00004294963,0.000001236073,0.01404547,0.000001017972,0.00005244431,0.0004830564,0.9830826,0.000353573],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004739465,0.001151358,0.00009996645,0.0001030695,0.0005045171,0.000462867,0.00002669447,0.0001407272,0.9970369],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05674496,0.002044634,0.0005445452,0.00006163125,0.001400585,0.00002309679,0.000009836937,0.00005968471,0.9391111],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7539403,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9947535,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01028404162830153,"score_gpt":0.3094195468172029,"score_spread":0.2991355051889013,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}