{"id":"W1998139205","doi":"10.1111/1540-5982.00136","title":"A model of evidence production and optimal standard of proof and penalty in criminal trials","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Acquittal; Conviction; Reasonable doubt; Law; Production (economics); Criminal procedure; Economics; Actuarial science; Political science; Microeconomics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003745847,0.0002160303,0.001830588,0.001022164,0.00007298953,0.00006570915,0.0002852609,0.0001886322,0.0001269595],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001553495,0.0002824433,0.000188796,0.0001084599,0.0003959875,0.0007692907,0.00002540806,0.0002353842,0.000002312395],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008775882,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000487056,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05650743,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7781132,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962481,0.00006857207,0.002775261,0.0004386118,0.000003169579,0.0004663037],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961815,0.0001884743,0.00249069,0.0002971067,0.0001417809,0.0007004414],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006208675,0.00006439918,0.1170999,0.0008133265,0.0003515051,0.0000329692,0.01299249,0.04328521,0.00009869573,0.8196824,0.0004937379,0.004464436],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005434871,0.003872716,0.009042787,0.00250319,0.0002574215,0.0009163356,0.003744457,0.1668433,0.002052828,0.8007797,0.002424851,0.002127526],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926397,0.003875488,0.0001103961,0.001198577,0.0006528071,0.000438598,0.0004226395,0.000001818572,0.0006599589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968776,0.001826031,0.0007818638,0.00005831823,0.0002852124,0.00001249032,0.000001666616,0.00003256014,0.000124293],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7216058,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999627,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.4394301385301838,"score_gpt":0.2324491535098383,"score_spread":0.2069809850203455,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}