{"id":"W1998163884","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-8683.2007.00611.x","title":"The Influence of Outside Directors' Stock‐Option Compensation on Firms' R&amp;D","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Corporate Governance An International Review","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Stock options; Stock (firearms); Business; Executive compensation; Compensation (psychology); Accounting; Monetary economics; Finance; Corporate governance; Economics; Psychology; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001085917,0.0002323746,0.0002900731,0.00005357735,0.0001716483,0.00008176521,0.0007082495,0.00005336881,0.00005662063],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006123831,0.0001787105,0.0001207364,0.000515791,0.0001097236,0.001641447,0.00008069414,0.0001818356,0.0004307186],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001199854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004929204,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004604988,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001022811,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978966,0.00001787113,0.0007101302,0.0003514454,0.0007699988,0.0002539186],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959633,0.0001202702,0.002662917,0.0005002937,0.0007349226,0.00001825422],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000683345,0.0004314346,0.3657515,0.001278051,0.0001018888,0.0000383755,0.00003478345,0.002031708,0.002790611,0.4068752,0.02533902,0.194644],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002059344,0.00001935495,0.6955451,0.001631709,0.0000208853,0.000002086282,0.000002367553,0.0001252304,0.0000692167,0.001633212,0.3005755,0.000169437],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9893014,0.002606907,0.0007441952,0.001383163,0.0008519187,0.0004854969,0.00003294719,0.00006046623,0.00453345],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9768222,0.01807926,0.00007305051,0.003653238,0.0005865283,0.00002716406,0.00007217967,0.00002493927,0.0006614531],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.405242,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7287601,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04908241390442289,"score_gpt":0.2851496430369502,"score_spread":0.2360672291325273,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}