{"id":"W1998234256","doi":"10.1007/s11123-005-2213-y","title":"Product Market Competition, Skill Shortages and Productivity: Evidence from Canadian Manufacturing Firms","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Productivity Analysis","topic":"Firm Innovation and Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","funders":"Industry Canada","keywords":"Economic shortage; Productivity; Competition (biology); Industrial organization; Business; Product market; Product (mathematics); Economics; Microeconomics; Economic growth","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00237082,0.000201902,0.0007477513,0.001431038,0.0001932226,0.0001666161,0.0002487212,0.00006735873,0.0009745198],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009414189,0.0002083077,0.0002122187,0.001052268,0.0001038025,0.001548546,0.00004501862,0.0003643131,0.00003181901],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002581607,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008949921,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01287878,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04346419,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980364,0.00006895173,0.0008719042,0.0005942642,0.0001358066,0.0002926491],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981391,0.00008444963,0.000871258,0.0004878934,0.0002244289,0.0001928927],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007383373,0.0003038305,0.968892,0.00006693383,0.002421481,0.00002445173,0.001546723,0.001672641,0.0003251563,0.002538753,0.004864417,0.01726978],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002078985,0.00005132158,0.9519864,0.00004479682,0.0002845298,0.00002820013,0.00007097087,0.0005384883,0.005807933,0.004026285,0.03661002,0.0003432003],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9648286,0.00348503,0.00155543,0.02863851,0.0002831692,0.0001520713,0.00008725103,0.00001403008,0.0009559275],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947417,0.0003314766,0.00258727,0.0001620537,0.001086299,0.000003739484,0.000009629985,0.00001619031,0.001061578],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0317456,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999387,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02248320620549603,"score_gpt":0.2225919750590628,"score_spread":0.2001087688535668,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}