{"id":"W1998336982","doi":"10.1075/wll.12.1.06bol","title":"Letter and grapheme perception in English and Dutch","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Written Language & Literacy","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Pseudoword; Grapheme; Vowel; Reading (process); Prime (order theory); Perception; Linguistics; Orthography; Psychology; Computer science; Syllabic verse; Speech recognition; Mathematics; Neuroscience; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002362782,0.0001305185,0.0001781488,0.0001798739,0.0001188973,0.0006026269,0.0001089839,0.0002981801,0.002707937],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003072472,0.0001421938,0.0001068176,0.0001555114,0.0002515029,0.000618456,0.0003629554,0.0001912527,0.000395684],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002083411,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001020303,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002711628,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004620834,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997942,0.00004524088,0.00002013634,0.00006438506,0.00005122485,0.00002482092],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988223,0.0007428051,0.0001780589,0.00004910824,0.000130106,0.00007768878],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001902393,0.0001120005,0.04661207,0.000253582,0.00003327925,0.0009008496,0.009179115,0.000154774,0.916617,0.0006022796,0.0001654497,0.02346721],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008386657,0.0007639886,0.901358,0.00002439765,0.00006226909,0.001747306,0.004765896,0.001624448,0.08522046,0.0008088547,0.003492637,0.00004798685],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986852,0.00007351086,0.000271087,0.00001447484,0.000002689294,0.000003279665,0.00004299774,0.000004849931,0.0009019588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980125,0.00009142621,0.0005051453,0.00002667901,0.000002054106,0.000005852334,0.0001263383,0.00001211794,0.001217826],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002711628,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009058952,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0062518760944128,"score_gpt":0.2867898084205983,"score_spread":0.2805379323261855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}