{"id":"W1998336982","doi":"10.1075/wll.12.1.06bol","title":"Letter and grapheme perception in English and Dutch","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Written Language & Literacy","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Pseudoword; Grapheme; Vowel; Reading (process); Prime (order theory); Perception; Linguistics; Orthography; Psychology; Computer science; Syllabic verse; Speech recognition; Mathematics; Neuroscience; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000221824,0.0001577661,0.0001788362,0.0002027819,0.00004490634,0.0001242331,0.00007670026,0.00008814557,0.0004216173],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002846064,0.0001426924,0.00002856062,0.0001592805,0.00003325552,0.0002669528,0.00002275472,0.0002021804,0.000038626],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001914905,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004061184,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001384798,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006659901,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998915,0.00008288318,0.0002513957,0.0003637689,0.0001013227,0.0002856731],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995734,0.00005358849,0.00004281778,0.0002183692,0.00003247535,0.00007931119],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000765126,0.0001444157,0.1087582,0.00002446642,0.00001760454,0.0003214991,0.5288937,1.145714e-7,0.002544073,0.001031971,0.01013024,0.3480572],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009332597,0.00007502764,0.9447324,0.0000791019,0.0000084821,0.00006285113,0.002979439,0.00001415609,0.0000194035,0.0002850352,0.05056767,0.0002432243],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.986235,0.001109411,0.00001508365,0.0009950586,0.0002098411,0.000140584,0.000005124086,0.00008134526,0.0112086],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9884014,0.00002797144,0.001262988,0.006166171,0.000332688,0.00001656923,0.00003569985,0.00001307002,0.003743442],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8359742,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5818829,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0062518760944128,"score_gpt":0.2867898084205983,"score_spread":0.2805379323261855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}