{"id":"W1998427317","doi":"10.1080/14926156.2013.845322","title":"Introducing High School Biology Students to Argumentation About Socioscientific Issues","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Science Mathematics and Technology Education","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Argumentation theory; Context (archaeology); Mathematics education; Informal logic; Science education; Pedagogy; Psychology; Biology; Epistemology; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002274028,0.00007543358,0.0001313276,0.001707703,0.001376267,0.000540137,0.0007854283,0.00008481059,0.000468413],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002617989,0.00006879677,0.00001591685,0.001723841,0.002150351,0.0004580953,0.00002769523,0.0001604351,0.00008050679],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003446427,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005711765,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01017267,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004591732,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987923,0.00003472478,0.0003089028,0.0002046521,0.0002923411,0.0003670813],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978196,0.0000445089,0.0002339179,0.0001704245,0.001044496,0.0006870773],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[8.942694e-7,0.0002171221,0.1508938,0.0000195574,0.00001626965,8.40483e-7,0.09280885,0.0000148185,0.02162237,0.6041732,0.01075725,0.119475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003007998,0.0002676922,0.08021349,0.0002145781,0.00003838994,0.00005450051,0.5911883,0.0001359892,0.003595623,0.293479,0.03001061,0.0005010177],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9607409,0.0002109,0.0006052847,0.03526019,0.002368055,0.0002585978,8.789438e-7,0.000009444358,0.0005457887],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9858608,0.00005161091,0.01256371,0.0003527419,0.0001965182,0.00001778478,5.062367e-7,0.000004070817,0.0009523192],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4983794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999249,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01895293764553762,"score_gpt":0.3786947298670597,"score_spread":0.359741792221522,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}