{"id":"W1998494818","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.1001850","title":"A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS Biology","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":933,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Division of Materials Research; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology; Deutsches Zentrum für integrative Biodiversitätsforschung Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; Grantová Agentura České Republiky; Akademie Věd České Republiky; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; National Research Foundation; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Biodiversa+; Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst; National Science Foundation","keywords":"IUCN Red List; Range (aeronautics); Extinction (optical mineralogy); Data deficient; Biology; Ecology; Biodiversity; Ecosystem; Introduced species; Population; Threatened species; Environmental resource management; Ecological network; Habitat","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002003244,0.00007000639,0.000118675,0.00002129579,0.00006252143,0.000001136941,0.0001486169,0.00005633409,0.000600365],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009454343,0.00004185411,0.00003247017,0.00004862339,0.0006088397,0.00001676495,0.00005441964,0.00005701387,0.00005954777],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000276822,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003095569,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001049805,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006806572,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994153,0.0001537461,0.0001462329,0.0001252162,0.0000547329,0.0001048028],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992672,0.0004051857,0.0001307156,0.0001774667,0.000003456221,0.00001601713],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003412415,0.0002158697,0.6008503,0.000005431782,0.00002418258,6.010901e-8,0.0002955801,0.0002657976,0.3900839,0.00777976,0.00008545678,0.000359595],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001625641,0.0002658793,0.9679794,0.000003664736,0.00001044068,1.967642e-7,0.0001462459,0.01199472,0.0174304,0.001618564,0.0003376634,0.00005020989],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9848847,0.000007893697,0.0001600344,0.0008888448,0.00002733852,0.0001150055,0.00002015386,0.000006254578,0.01388972],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994589,0.00001684674,0.000128427,0.0002719763,0.000008285746,0.00001180647,0.00001631072,0.000003411788,0.00008405135],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3726535,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6573576,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02186699444840035,"score_gpt":0.2158541318042513,"score_spread":0.193987137355851,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}