{"id":"W1998912534","doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.4563-11.2011","title":"Lifelong Bilingualism Maintains White Matter Integrity in Older Adults","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Neuroscience","topic":"Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications","field":"Medicine","cited_by":407,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; York University; Baycrest Hospital","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Canada Research Chairs; Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","keywords":"Corpus callosum; Psychology; White matter; Fractional anisotropy; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Diffusion MRI; Functional connectivity; Cognition; Neuroscience; Audiology; Developmental psychology; Cognitive psychology; Medicine; Magnetic resonance imaging","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001752753,0.0001610383,0.0002214337,0.000411341,0.0004236977,0.0003251198,0.00008901223,0.0002410252,0.001046851],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007584553,0.000124555,0.00008625591,0.0001586066,0.0002460653,0.0003232071,0.0002570261,0.0001832082,0.0001708435],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001757861,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001604493,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00309142,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008696014,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999323,0.000008218979,0.000009585557,0.00002139677,0.00001154628,0.00001702385],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996504,0.00002647213,0.0001897621,0.00001895349,0.00004814917,0.000066357],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001849365,0.0003092616,0.9002385,0.0000841135,0.0001233832,0.001795129,0.004018918,0.00007383059,0.06577127,0.0001355644,0.0003457118,0.02525491],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001139945,0.0002235472,0.9973864,0.000005666221,0.0000185569,0.0007745235,0.0003614016,0.00005889013,0.0009103711,0.00008827752,0.0001575674,0.000003370004],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995333,0.0001209991,0.00002339462,0.00002250281,0.000001571948,0.000001373531,0.00002601055,0.000002612604,0.0002682707],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996891,0.00005907323,0.00004318487,0.00001390919,0.000003376396,0.000001137105,0.00004139722,9.234604e-7,0.0001479159],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00309142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006146848,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08210191174784592,"score_gpt":0.3613664424519584,"score_spread":0.2792645307041125,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}