{"id":"W1998923918","doi":"10.1021/ef8010959","title":"Analysis of Bio-Oil, Biogas, and Biochar from Pressurized Pyrolysis of Wheat Straw Using a Tubular Reactor","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Fuels","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":185,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina; University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Pyrolysis; Straw; Char; Chemistry; Yield (engineering); Retort; Biogas; Biochar; Pulp and paper industry; Chemical engineering; Organic chemistry; Materials science; Waste management; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001993659,0.0004477062,0.0004313222,0.000236346,0.0001760413,0.0003450836,0.0003310172,0.0002985929,0.000484284],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001856209,0.0001482405,0.0004677719,0.000415183,0.000192669,0.0003454664,0.0001666366,0.0002981992,0.0001882645],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000152925,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001909271,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000783783,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006538981,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998691,0.00002033939,0.000007931349,0.00002686495,0.00005951281,0.00001624511],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999303,0.00001663377,0.00001816528,0.000005554195,0.00001776597,0.00001166853],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008528686,0.00001114784,0.0003012902,0.00003313246,0.000006711408,0.00004654835,0.00001119987,0.000146134,0.9986691,0.00001085723,0.000003059391,0.0006755583],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008879783,0.0003928284,0.007462472,0.000005211103,0.00002478883,0.0001515154,0.00004560038,0.002345524,0.9892659,0.00002224035,0.0002692033,0.000005905319],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963114,0.0003404443,0.003002368,0.000009845521,0.000006009035,0.000009148757,0.0001147236,0.00002331914,0.0001826765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937336,0.0007411504,0.004358655,0.00001194793,0.000007301698,0.00002368089,0.0003482481,0.00002285571,0.0007526345],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.000783783,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001620114,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00837793614727393,"score_gpt":0.2033962015091825,"score_spread":0.1950182653619086,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}