{"id":"W1999038338","doi":"10.1115/ipc2006-10169","title":"Mitigation of Frost Heave of Chilled Gas Pipelines Using Temperature Cycling","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Volume 1: Project Management; Design and Construction; Environmental Issues; GIS/Database Development; Innovative Projects and Emerging Issues; Operations and Maintenance; Pipelining in Northern Environments; Standards and Regulations","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"TransCanada (Canada); Centre For Cold Ocean Resources Engineering","funders":"","keywords":"Frost heaving; Pipeline transport; Pipeline (software); Centrifuge; Environmental science; Compressor station; Frost (temperature); Gas compressor; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Cycling; Permafrost; Chiller; Petroleum engineering; Geology; Mechanical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006254766,0.0002377851,0.0002038852,0.0005273281,0.0002736953,0.0005191935,0.0004007751,0.0002317752,0.0007291579],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001729339,0.0001461667,0.0001639655,0.0003763411,0.0002387859,0.0005234749,0.0002686091,0.0001687045,0.0001294075],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003270248,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007165755,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002961043,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004542647,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997084,0.00007239075,0.0000201564,0.00004889621,0.000108552,0.00004157738],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992155,0.0002243591,0.000190428,0.0001098273,0.0002176926,0.00004211363],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007837636,0.0003384576,0.04754869,0.0003720561,0.00007138235,0.0002550887,0.0006704099,0.09845059,0.5658314,0.001019289,0.0005198422,0.284139],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009395385,0.003767285,0.1437173,0.0000529943,0.0001556281,0.0005366601,0.0009764461,0.1446564,0.6928768,0.0009632139,0.01210963,0.00009378957],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9647025,0.0001782675,0.03189997,0.00007883491,0.000006188345,0.0000741379,0.00007196994,0.0005051132,0.002483],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9871793,0.0001112703,0.01199788,0.000007569473,0.000003181803,0.00001786755,0.00008336094,0.00001997589,0.000579659],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002961043,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005887628,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01547092295032575,"score_gpt":0.2448330282787451,"score_spread":0.2293621053284193,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}