{"id":"W1999578050","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2014.05.035","title":"Ultrasonic spot welding of Al/Mg/Al tri-layered clad sheets","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design (1980-2015)","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Chongqing Science and Technology Commission","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Spot welding; Weldability; Electric resistance welding; Composite material; Ultrasonic welding; Heat-affected zone; Metallurgy; Cold welding; Failure mode and effects analysis; Gas metal arc welding","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009358292,0.0003625905,0.0007226071,0.0002540688,0.00006651084,0.0000728684,0.0004459223,0.0001961424,0.0004423277],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001490332,0.0003597925,0.0001339051,0.0002772872,0.00005076723,0.0002085896,0.00006309771,0.0001516802,0.0000901938],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001206301,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002363439,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005598096,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004656809,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979691,0.0001581579,0.0006709393,0.0003749204,0.0003044903,0.0005223773],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987628,0.0001924405,0.0001851592,0.000677368,0.0000712166,0.0001109844],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003023504,0.00001903696,0.00002941727,0.00006770599,0.00007565875,0.000005790503,0.00005617583,0.011969,0.9709886,0.0005496372,0.01492416,0.001284601],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003973573,0.00008869174,0.00009641556,0.0001043174,0.00007865186,0.00001276336,0.00001449399,0.003599966,0.9810569,0.001872206,0.01221971,0.000458481],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3083235,0.0003157253,0.6866789,0.0002595101,0.000915475,0.0005337715,0.00005403239,0.002072623,0.0008464381],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93672,0.0001478433,0.06253601,0.0001247533,0.0001656447,0.00006932602,0.00003064941,0.0001274872,0.00007825536],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6283966,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998854,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0161817377500593,"score_gpt":0.2584756464567406,"score_spread":0.2422939087066814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}