{"id":"W1999821497","doi":"10.2118/163079-pa","title":"Understanding the Heat-Transfer Mechanism in the Steam-Assisted Gravity-Drainage (SAGD) Process and Comparing the Conduction and Convection Flux in Bitumen Reservoirs","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Journal","topic":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal conduction; Heat transfer; Convection; Convective heat transfer; Heat flux; Mechanics; Steam injection; Natural convection; Geology; Forced convection; Steam-assisted gravity drainage; Thermal; Asphalt; Petroleum engineering; Thermodynamics; Oil sands; Materials science; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001014834,0.0001267503,0.0001433639,0.0001299236,0.0002373261,0.0002702177,0.0001521656,0.00006799276,0.0000140417],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002363015,0.00007084512,0.00002366472,0.0002553574,0.00007290569,0.0004832282,0.00001796466,0.0007373863,0.000001098656],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001914031,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001306445,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001248271,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008835418,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990934,0.0001591183,0.0002385925,0.0001097638,0.0001817929,0.000217302],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996948,0.0001105187,0.00002029183,0.0001155694,0.00002678306,0.0000319846],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003726715,0.0003649491,0.06935783,0.001568589,0.0006011528,0.0001676377,0.1322714,0.0527036,0.6466636,0.07926073,0.003215255,0.01345257],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002872412,0.0003694304,0.1219454,0.001088162,0.00009075776,0.002095229,0.08386339,0.1127434,0.04437082,0.6295329,0.0002143839,0.0008137122],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9786949,0.0002377059,0.01805567,0.0009415807,0.0001592644,0.0003855509,5.645423e-7,0.00005187261,0.001472938],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994981,0.0002600706,0.00007028685,0.00005026649,0.00005256633,0.00003149745,7.429049e-7,0.00001737933,0.00001904727],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6022928,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3203618,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04601867278542997,"score_gpt":0.2546308668609735,"score_spread":0.2086121940755435,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}