{"id":"W2000281270","doi":"10.1016/j.electstud.2015.02.007","title":"Referendums and deliberative democracy","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Electoral Studies","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":112,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Referendum; Deliberative democracy; Deliberation; Political science; Democracy; Politics; CLARITY; Direct democracy; Brexit; Public administration; Law and economics; Sociology; Law; European union; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01187385,0.0002635593,0.0004655227,0.002989729,0.004818916,0.00656978,0.001028814,0.001561716,0.0137618],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02702457,0.0002297186,0.0002604299,0.004023729,0.01040782,0.004113891,0.003558866,0.001587692,0.000646752],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001642726,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00165944,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001172407,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001751279,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9889537,0.008261416,0.000262552,0.0008385955,0.0007101348,0.0009735159],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9782394,0.01451143,0.002763277,0.002236827,0.001093611,0.001155399],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009122559,0.0001252454,0.007783916,0.00006145654,0.00002239973,0.00008799323,0.0156593,0.0003341613,0.0001724627,0.9595098,0.0009396737,0.0152123],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007705509,0.0001306088,0.01909207,0.0001042926,0.00002810815,0.0001039542,0.02653854,0.001137456,0.0007951629,0.9230173,0.02895925,0.00001624344],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5925325,0.002124557,0.01156229,0.01094024,0.0002080031,0.00006992758,0.0001483905,0.00004895014,0.3823652],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949986,0.0001364044,0.0004044347,0.0001306245,0.00005024808,0.0000201385,0.00002356772,0.000006239174,0.00422976],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0137618,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06279564,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2829394158639238,"score_gpt":0.4545444389521537,"score_spread":0.1716050230882298,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}