{"id":"W2000468286","doi":"10.5942/jawwa.2012.104.0093","title":"Direct biofiltration pretreatment for fouling control of ultrafiltration membranes","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Biofilter; Ultrafiltration (renal); Fouling; Filtration (mathematics); Membrane fouling; Turbidity; Membrane; Chemistry; Water treatment; Coagulation; Pulp and paper industry; Biofouling; Chromatography; Environmental engineering; Environmental science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002041093,0.0004213371,0.0002621616,0.0001831117,0.0002730208,0.0003371385,0.000258425,0.0002492242,0.0004858134],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002002625,0.0001385743,0.0002940143,0.0001361234,0.0001537177,0.0002692193,0.0002745528,0.0004473758,0.0001085732],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000592793,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002933712,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002548274,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004427405,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997988,0.00002743869,0.00001189656,0.00004240097,0.00007686776,0.00004251167],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999295,0.00001880242,0.00002068684,0.00000774927,0.00001468177,0.00000854575],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002603956,0.00001534201,0.000117235,0.00003180129,0.000003557538,0.0000101108,0.000009038491,0.00008626633,0.9970368,0.0000217894,0.00001710157,0.002624937],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005573112,0.00010719,0.001502041,0.000002800079,0.000007718352,0.00003130945,0.000007515422,0.0005458854,0.9970919,0.0000115144,0.0006833554,0.000003155027],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9867768,0.002080054,0.01019519,0.00006944642,0.00002541794,0.00003666818,0.00008472978,0.00005196393,0.0006798286],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9903606,0.001073855,0.007542083,0.00002515207,0.000008458856,0.00001865667,0.0001053982,0.00001149991,0.0008543403],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002548274,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005066872,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007867961199457733,"score_gpt":0.2317427816159643,"score_spread":0.2238748204165065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}