{"id":"W2000722727","doi":"10.1021/es040082h","title":"Low Molecular Weight Carboxylic Acids in Oxidizing Porphyry Copper Tailings","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Mine drainage and remediation techniques","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Tailings; Formate; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Acid mine drainage; Hydrolysis; Oxidizing agent; Copper; Organic matter; Inorganic chemistry; Catalysis; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001123559,0.0002961728,0.0002744664,0.001114152,0.0003687116,0.0006404042,0.0002888627,0.0003610398,0.0005344111],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002966704,0.0002732711,0.0001957036,0.0008252296,0.0003333922,0.0003696659,0.0003688107,0.0002223513,0.0001828177],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004866226,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003765002,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01881488,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01708473,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998319,0.000009908147,0.000008784219,0.00006003452,0.00004143917,0.00004780872],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997658,0.00002616345,0.00008896256,0.000006925765,0.00007503253,0.00003710952],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003697846,0.00003826311,0.2035651,0.0002071368,0.00005096961,0.0006528494,0.0009931476,0.0004636997,0.7846367,0.00004457446,0.00008589117,0.00889197],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001130211,0.000194743,0.9298925,0.00002391851,0.00002176941,0.0003625258,0.001854497,0.001013326,0.06482439,0.00004616877,0.00173052,0.00002420251],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992766,0.0001364385,0.0001060961,0.000008510795,0.000001037439,0.00000571318,0.0002059106,0.000005273146,0.0002544803],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982315,0.0002005524,0.0004783643,0.00001375745,0.000002958934,0.00001652892,0.0003674039,0.000006363538,0.0006826452],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01881488,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03741068,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.002602867824832384,"score_gpt":0.1995314049916416,"score_spread":0.1969285371668092,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}