{"id":"W2001550460","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/42/1/012037","title":"Use of an ultrasonic reflectance technique to examine bubble size changes in dough","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering","topic":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Bubble; Attenuation; Ultrasonic sensor; Ostwald ripening; Materials science; Transducer; Reflection (computer programming); Volume (thermodynamics); Optics; Ultrasound; Acoustics; Mechanics; Nanotechnology; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003848648,0.0001529865,0.0002711457,0.0001750784,0.00005003093,0.0001212838,0.0002407606,0.0000661909,0.0003030914],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00051634,0.0001445218,0.000008562103,0.000798757,0.0001350781,0.001223689,0.00007733332,0.00006508972,0.000001542632],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000609865,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005128597,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001196036,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003587339,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989095,0.000005785142,0.0001955096,0.0002402255,0.0002031835,0.0004457781],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994181,0.00005414935,0.00005637233,0.000238351,0.00009182502,0.0001411469],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001716871,0.00002030267,0.0002552648,0.00009428412,0.000002827809,0.000001027636,0.0003122828,0.00002749407,0.9986052,0.000514251,0.000001282829,0.000148642],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005222343,0.00005226988,0.002574081,0.00007203942,0.000008450746,0.00001545916,0.0002048025,0.00002196273,0.9965427,0.00001542781,0.000266742,0.0001738464],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992356,0.00006514199,0.0001484598,0.0000553116,0.00007824779,0.0000559882,0.00001511691,0.00005702005,0.0002890555],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943176,0.0001177606,0.005274527,0.0000220662,0.00006160081,0.00005025545,0.000001930398,0.00001111459,0.0001431362],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005126067,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5893427,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03386919903887468,"score_gpt":0.2706456680620556,"score_spread":0.236776469023181,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}