{"id":"W2002162218","doi":"10.2118/170079-ms","title":"Oil Recovery Mechanisms in Bitumen-Bearing Carbonate Rocks","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Heavy Oil Conference-Canada","topic":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Imbibition; Steam injection; Petroleum engineering; Carbonate; Asphalt; Porosity; Enhanced oil recovery; Bearing (navigation); Oil in place; Steam-assisted gravity drainage; Environmental science; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Petroleum; Oil sands; Materials science; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002453942,0.0003800156,0.0004711989,0.0001543188,0.0000629745,0.0000737672,0.0003992376,0.0001684162,0.0002089825],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000960122,0.000432952,0.00005274059,0.0002807016,0.00002274642,0.0001905997,0.00008125621,0.0005358059,0.0000146324],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001052555,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001116613,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.93471,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9972763,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978406,0.00006226344,0.0004797399,0.0004167686,0.0004839968,0.0007166508],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990434,0.0001427252,0.0000671611,0.0004752558,0.00007933297,0.0001921079],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008459765,0.00004965133,0.0007405406,0.0009236769,0.0001398559,0.0001754476,0.0002317569,0.04034256,0.01686583,0.009313329,0.01305757,0.9180752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002843262,0.0003681578,0.002880313,0.002525483,0.00007524109,0.00006325546,0.0004985742,0.2749214,0.3877775,0.04014781,0.282715,0.00518396],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2837135,0.0002913708,0.01134471,0.0006050491,0.003243661,0.0000958286,0.00006495075,0.0009637674,0.6996772],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927205,0.000449242,0.00248652,0.0003800486,0.00009053941,0.0000598923,0.00001917026,0.00008122218,0.003712852],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9128912,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998122,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00847152168730687,"score_gpt":0.1867785751427134,"score_spread":0.1783070534554066,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}