{"id":"W2002188528","doi":"10.1109/mpe.2014.2301552","title":"Forewarned Is Forearmed: An Automated System for Remedial Action Schemes","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Power and Energy Magazine","topic":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"BC Hydro (Canada)","funders":"BC Hydro","keywords":"Blackout; Remedial action; Electric power system; Safeguard; Remedial education; Power-system protection; Reliability engineering; System integrity; Computer science; Action (physics); Maintenance engineering; Engineering; Risk analysis (engineering); Control engineering; Power (physics); Law; Business; Environmental remediation","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001043624,0.0001476369,0.0001734131,0.00007315887,0.00008861932,0.0000378774,0.00008569854,0.0001212599,0.00001058087],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001268266,0.0001314283,0.00004685477,0.0000889721,0.0000388266,0.0001840191,0.000007062802,0.00005791983,0.00001014215],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002421909,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007408324,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001603465,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001411696,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992657,0.00001549972,0.0001608237,0.0001935503,0.0001107395,0.0002536313],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999603,0.00003731823,0.00002264756,0.0001732239,0.00004250992,0.0001212987],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007805272,0.0002843819,0.001611646,0.002184222,0.0005146089,0.00002287166,0.004104102,0.03369686,0.6612353,0.02645144,0.1844117,0.08470226],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009424782,0.0002200892,0.0009588011,0.00005296484,0.00002815507,0.00002894318,0.00009039774,0.6929196,0.09457451,0.0001711427,0.209698,0.0003149689],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.893549,0.0002179189,0.08887739,0.0001151073,0.005370327,0.0001492241,0.0000271709,0.002659159,0.009034718],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985294,0.0000499597,0.0005819738,0.00007184988,0.0004495027,0.0000330251,0.0000259595,0.00002970147,0.0002286037],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6592227,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.535949,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01075235328525907,"score_gpt":0.2420715907557268,"score_spread":0.2313192374704678,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}