{"id":"W2002695810","doi":"10.1037/0012-1649.43.3.804","title":"Lying in the elementary school years: Verbal deception and its relation to second-order belief understanding.","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Developmental Psychology","topic":"Deception detection and forensic psychology","field":"Psychology","cited_by":317,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Simon Fraser University; McGill University","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Lying; Psychology; Deception; Temptation; Denial; Developmental psychology; Theory of mind; Lie detection; Nonverbal communication; Social psychology; Cognition; Psychoanalysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001388418,0.0003977498,0.0004551495,0.001391903,0.0006165648,0.00209212,0.0005250346,0.0008005938,0.001300615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01137167,0.0005604327,0.000422606,0.0005514935,0.001492426,0.0009813757,0.001170604,0.001981731,0.0002843436],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007992522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008667657,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01429837,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02670418,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993445,0.0000894909,0.00007001129,0.00007131442,0.0001981514,0.0002265011],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.987783,0.00223633,0.007740191,0.0004076929,0.0008345024,0.0009983581],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001133201,0.0004615743,0.9767099,0.00005135871,0.00002652592,0.0007650156,0.012347,0.00006591263,0.001196236,0.0002100476,0.0002059704,0.007847162],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003988312,0.0002073988,0.9950424,0.00002366409,0.00001433101,0.0006181597,0.003401474,0.0000825636,0.0002629101,0.0001205855,0.0002144645,0.00000793853],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994068,0.0001674293,0.00001585977,0.00002930828,0.000002066805,0.000003101746,0.00002652041,0.000002160974,0.0003466591],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994605,0.0001994344,0.00005777293,0.00001343456,0.000002014989,0.000007301403,0.00006905295,9.674286e-7,0.0001895097],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01429837,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02843028,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06595393609149303,"score_gpt":0.3614903760296481,"score_spread":0.295536439938155,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}