{"id":"W2002912509","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.034","title":"NDMA formation kinetics from three pharmaceuticals in four water matrices","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Research","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Water Network; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","keywords":"Chloramination; Chloramine; Chemistry; N-Nitrosodimethylamine; Kinetics; Environmental chemistry; Chlorine; Chromatography; Organic chemistry; Carcinogen","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004853636,0.00009560554,0.00008357403,0.0001085506,0.00009144813,0.00005757478,0.000180617,0.00006265051,0.007556382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000520739,0.00005253159,0.00002847007,0.0001176135,0.00009594432,0.0004655148,0.0002759054,0.0001509213,0.009665294],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001490831,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001260229,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003362228,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001056782,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985396,0.0001241015,0.0001724944,0.0002238675,0.0004157795,0.0005241591],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997004,0.00001210744,0.000008874407,0.0001812692,0.00001154509,0.00008586178],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001632937,0.000343097,0.4734447,0.00001389993,0.00001235934,0.0000681727,0.0059904,0.00004009954,0.5103377,0.00001332506,0.0007381215,0.008834844],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005305778,0.0001055991,0.1056246,0.000007109725,0.000006392387,0.000002783685,0.00003620501,0.000522858,0.8795474,0.009993412,0.003518248,0.0001047906],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9803563,0.00001146186,0.0001504402,0.0002611271,0.00005698481,0.0002759106,0.000002664495,0.00002870934,0.01885637],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990225,0.0000229071,0.0003109412,0.00002388385,0.00003872254,0.00004416619,0.00003130152,0.00001104899,0.0004945445],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3692097,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9933509,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1804253396539078,"score_gpt":0.3548198222230231,"score_spread":0.1743944825691152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}