{"id":"W2003535843","doi":"10.1103/physreva.67.012902","title":"Stochastic treatment of nonequilibrium ion stopping in solids","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review A","topic":"Atomic and Molecular Physics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Projectile; Physics; Atomic physics; Ion; Stopping power; Adiabatic process; Non-equilibrium thermodynamics; Electron; Nuclear physics; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003915083,0.0001340498,0.0004020797,0.00001615346,0.00001486779,0.000003740767,0.00005774804,0.00000837129,0.00003417404],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006999621,0.0001106184,0.0001846396,0.0001736125,0.000027944,0.00004403521,0.00001239581,0.00004977426,0.00002741587],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003044522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006031946,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003276348,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.955168e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993101,0.00005992288,0.0001909041,0.0001661922,0.00009596379,0.0001768708],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996054,0.00003739741,0.00008290166,0.0002020694,0.00002188586,0.00005040052],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002222479,0.004417499,0.003247976,0.000869053,0.0002352732,0.000006302208,0.001158094,0.001267423,0.02884383,0.8219126,0.0002537437,0.137766],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0203033,0.004109982,0.008505001,0.02259955,0.003192072,0.00001395005,0.00120905,0.0388037,0.2541302,0.4939733,0.1466027,0.006557209],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.954742,0.006777919,0.0211101,0.00008754125,0.00008456441,0.000770113,0.00001024701,0.00001673688,0.0164008],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995656,0.0001238813,0.0000675273,0.00003186298,0.00009064913,0.00004891314,0.000008115425,0.00001263782,0.00005080767],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3279393,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4510888,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01666390842421205,"score_gpt":0.3058275295494407,"score_spread":0.2891636211252286,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}