{"id":"W2003627286","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2011.04.011","title":"Sex differences in exertional dyspnea in patients with mild COPD: Physiological mechanisms","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","topic":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Kingston General Hospital; Queen's University","funders":"Department of Medicine, Georgetown University; Kingston General Hospital; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Queen's University; GlaxoSmithKline","keywords":"COPD; Medicine; Dynamic hyperinflation; Tidal volume; Ventilation (architecture); Hyperinflation; Physical therapy; Cardiology; Internal medicine; Exertional dyspnea; Respiratory rate; Lung volumes; Respiratory system; Heart rate; Lung; Blood pressure","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003300527,0.0002070602,0.0004577397,0.0003319909,0.0002241677,0.0006262509,0.0002438793,0.0004547121,0.002828972],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00169505,0.0001681083,0.0003294343,0.0003204266,0.0002850553,0.000369513,0.0002761392,0.000388018,0.0002670532],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001580798,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001671711,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008373301,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001081022,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997702,0.00005971938,0.00001839061,0.00005635797,0.00004393146,0.00005142504],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993298,0.0002433059,0.0001661731,0.0000588339,0.00005962514,0.0001422714],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003093741,0.0003093311,0.9662904,0.00008240381,0.0002288045,0.0004536092,0.0006925061,0.00008194684,0.01289803,0.0002555407,0.0002795347,0.01533412],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001130041,0.00009855654,0.9994586,0.00000280274,0.00001601699,0.0001167477,0.00007420978,0.0000287545,0.00008113707,0.00004803477,0.00006154255,0.000002249777],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960113,0.001983218,0.0001299331,0.00026066,0.0000487846,0.00001231748,0.0001870608,0.000003438052,0.001363281],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990024,0.0003170613,0.00004726555,0.0000897753,0.00006515117,0.000006518619,0.00009511642,0.000002579857,0.0003741117],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002828972,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009463906,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0453541715354389,"score_gpt":0.2649792526574459,"score_spread":0.219625081122007,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}