{"id":"W2003755111","doi":"10.1007/s11229-010-9788-1","title":"Questions asked and unasked: how by worrying less about the ‘really real’ philosophers of science might better contribute to debates about genetics and race","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Synthese","topic":"Race, Genetics, and Society","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University","funders":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration","keywords":"Metaphysics; Philosophy of science; Epistemology; Race (biology); Natural kind; Biomedicine; Construct (python library); Philosophy of language; Natural (archaeology); Social constructionism; Sociology; Psychology; Philosophy; Biology; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02858401,0.0005702953,0.001244302,0.00134615,0.007013971,0.01072826,0.002335516,0.0117147,0.01682977],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06621955,0.0004969626,0.000685772,0.001303335,0.06832968,0.04156126,0.005103599,0.01793097,0.002937184],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005441706,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005894261,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005628106,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005132562,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9839988,0.01215385,0.0003940472,0.001542123,0.00102622,0.0008849234],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.960281,0.02587168,0.002483598,0.003514359,0.004975293,0.002874116],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007040016,0.00002607543,0.0005709374,0.0001269992,0.00002821831,0.00007001865,0.01789243,0.0001432973,0.0002339589,0.9319912,0.03802229,0.01082422],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002273226,0.000009820627,0.0002477634,0.0001373437,0.00001089356,0.00004811144,0.007896061,0.0001203885,0.0001609927,0.8995847,0.09173764,0.00002359585],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.005042741,0.005501037,0.00590794,0.9570249,0.003219007,0.000008291174,0.000052118,0.00004081623,0.0232031],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5594568,0.006232029,0.009671299,0.3925008,0.007633238,0.0001192146,0.0001343887,0.0003902836,0.02386202],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.992986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1511685,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007561254527295406,"score_gpt":0.2501939828727627,"score_spread":0.2426327283454673,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}