{"id":"W2003758358","doi":"10.1016/j.techfore.2006.07.012","title":"Systems biology: A disruptive biopharmaceutical research paradigm","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change","topic":"Biomedical and Engineering Education","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Biopharmaceutical; Computational biology; Computer science; Management science; Engineering ethics; Business; Biology; Biotechnology; Economics; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003735868,0.0001137325,0.0001547935,0.0001279275,0.0001965726,0.00003315798,0.00009703683,0.0003535676,0.000006890813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003876314,0.0000908076,0.00002582623,0.0003625274,0.0004112975,0.00003796751,0.00005060891,0.0004472606,0.00001289012],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006100506,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003273607,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008833997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002483881,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999132,0.00003000559,0.0001395259,0.0001714827,0.0001135597,0.0004134732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997603,0.0001009728,0.00001094786,0.00005787478,0.00002120966,0.00004864066],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002407156,0.0002407094,0.002760724,0.001195875,0.00007509219,0.00005014091,0.002159832,0.00004990276,0.006591142,0.731765,0.003801592,0.2512859],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002011624,0.0007454978,0.02709166,0.0005086146,0.00009695494,0.0002157356,0.003495657,0.500952,0.001787216,0.1534177,0.307198,0.002479369],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9902143,0.002932409,0.001615284,0.001440677,0.0003909882,0.0002725806,0.00002585864,0.001603989,0.001503853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989439,0.00006455534,0.0001288213,0.00001083079,0.0006421873,0.0001469168,0.00002100901,0.00001427542,0.00002748846],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5783474,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3703026,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2377093891515774,"score_gpt":0.3532728139461037,"score_spread":0.1155634247945262,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}