{"id":"W2003956237","doi":"10.1086/651167","title":"Ability Bias and the Rising Education Premium in the United States: A Cohort‐Based Analysis","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Human Capital","topic":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Earnings; Educational attainment; Demographic economics; Cohort; Economics; Demography; Cohort effect; Psychology; Medicine; Sociology; Economic growth; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004816913,0.00008718871,0.0003332903,0.0003949963,0.0001074157,0.0001667682,0.0002118234,0.00003944333,0.00003518858],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002443524,0.00005487998,0.0001665113,0.0005786265,0.00008648403,0.0001407343,0.00001048119,0.0002389293,8.729058e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009166529,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000362592,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006529678,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001460831,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987541,0.0001648342,0.0007652435,0.0001265463,0.00007033099,0.0001189592],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986856,0.0002389121,0.0007116724,0.0002321627,0.00009632472,0.00003535478],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001088302,0.0004366053,0.8148875,0.00001483438,0.0002122864,0.000005421319,0.005886993,0.001474446,0.000005338326,0.1764978,0.000100734,0.0003691567],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006821402,0.00007813684,0.7805713,0.000008841113,0.00007068737,0.000003410734,0.000717151,0.005764176,0.000001084876,0.2118444,0.000183458,0.00007522172],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.995472,0.0006158449,0.0003677825,0.002680724,0.0000728149,0.0001330301,0.00002120382,0.000002455565,0.0006341172],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989532,0.00009334834,0.0000643428,0.0007837034,0.0000651809,0.000001952031,0.00001883965,0.000003723404,0.00001570291],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03534655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2237941,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02500571456467914,"score_gpt":0.2634575661000517,"score_spread":0.2384518515353726,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}