{"id":"W2004019869","doi":"10.2118/140252-ms","title":"Fracture Stimulation Treatment Best Practices in the Bakken Oil Shale","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference","topic":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Baker Hughes (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Oil shale; Petroleum engineering; Aquifer; Well stimulation; Fracture (geology); Hydraulic fracturing; Tight oil; Geotechnical engineering; Fracture treatment; Permeability (electromagnetism); Produced water; Petrology; Petroleum; Reservoir engineering; Groundwater","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005166451,0.0004135484,0.0005841726,0.002015466,0.002489816,0.001386148,0.001197297,0.0004887743,0.0006773382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006157618,0.000345588,0.0003916811,0.001676926,0.0009475296,0.0006306643,0.001210154,0.0003484309,0.0002038623],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.011764,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006491691,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05988844,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3106205,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9949915,0.001071025,0.000434671,0.0005646328,0.002332421,0.0006057482],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9927621,0.001693694,0.00133871,0.0005570619,0.003188163,0.0004602456],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002469474,0.001363851,0.3320856,0.001069581,0.0002855714,0.001255421,0.009174638,0.06298778,0.1606678,0.000680475,0.0009842002,0.4269756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001049337,0.01092999,0.7692103,0.0002731347,0.0002502382,0.000551519,0.02328363,0.01372886,0.1640442,0.0006352185,0.016702,0.0002859618],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961581,0.0004796357,0.001708132,0.00005776784,0.000004591206,0.0001885672,0.0001234538,0.00004150113,0.001238266],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930988,0.0003399506,0.005221915,0.00001821191,0.000002482923,0.00009159897,0.000174304,0.00001230741,0.001040501],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05988844,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1190797,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05154018465696207,"score_gpt":0.2709845458739222,"score_spread":0.2194443612169601,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}