{"id":"W2004272082","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.12.038","title":"The forest biorefinery and its implementation in the pulp and paper industry: Energy overview","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":131,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biorefinery; Biorefining; Waste management; Cogeneration; Kraft paper; Pulp mill; Engineering; Kraft process; Black liquor; Pulp and paper industry; Biofuel; Environmental science; Process engineering; Electricity generation; Lignin; Effluent; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002048291,0.0001047293,0.00006188118,0.00003075275,0.00005722059,0.000031445,0.00006253262,0.00007992655,0.00001432046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002121274,0.00006553635,0.00001063053,0.0001038354,0.00001195587,0.0001218503,0.0000282511,0.0001728635,0.000002375664],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001424554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001913864,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001444798,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007563201,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995292,0.000008066279,0.0001046358,0.00007582745,0.00007077814,0.0002114679],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998302,0.00003051826,0.00001202874,0.00008695754,0.000003314438,0.00003701415],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003765239,0.00005242044,0.006740668,0.0006370645,0.0001394184,0.000003189464,0.00342658,0.01229753,0.568548,0.1914483,0.001045461,0.2156237],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001850405,0.00004813337,0.2748591,0.00006085607,0.00007083097,0.00006807595,0.002985146,0.02827855,0.06390578,0.0002536774,0.6265533,0.001066129],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9901266,0.008457531,0.00004959265,0.0003027995,0.0001933678,0.0001502788,0.000002000968,0.00007714482,0.0006406612],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987511,0.0008699892,0.00002104415,0.0001221094,0.0001667588,0.00003996909,0.000004369157,0.00001547722,0.000009166618],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6255078,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2672495,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01168180209664165,"score_gpt":0.2115716038635911,"score_spread":0.1998898017669495,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}