{"id":"W2004428312","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.90.216601","title":"Direct Observation of Optically Injected Spin-Polarized Currents in Semiconductors","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":234,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Femtosecond; Excitation; Polarization (electrochemistry); Circular polarization; Semiconductor; Photoluminescence; Physics; Condensed matter physics; Spin (aerodynamics); Spin polarization; Photon; Laser; Atomic physics; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Optics; Electron; Quantum mechanics; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001409448,0.0002088951,0.000561966,0.0000483186,0.0000253771,0.00001495634,0.0001684127,0.00001102289,0.0001648597],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006730598,0.0001727303,0.0001973165,0.0004270821,0.00005347272,0.0001759524,0.00002402191,0.0001962191,0.0000146681],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002278724,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003301744,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001130658,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.917688e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986734,0.0001536182,0.0004187404,0.0002856736,0.0002112407,0.0002573167],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992896,0.0001220157,0.0002045382,0.0002651949,0.00004689042,0.00007175635],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001144019,0.0002952005,0.1312399,0.0007666796,0.00009638166,0.000001539664,0.0002132846,0.00004910673,0.8489587,0.01670129,0.0005276703,0.001138769],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01165246,0.0005957803,0.3207041,0.02193729,0.001704105,0.000008868142,0.0005676412,0.004692687,0.5652905,0.02649177,0.04011217,0.00624267],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971908,0.001544575,0.00005120007,0.0001814945,0.0001602225,0.0003088943,0.00001472312,0.00001564126,0.0005324058],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985085,0.0001283833,0.0002565389,0.0009311719,0.00009183776,0.00002285052,0.00004048007,0.00001717471,0.000003123125],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2836683,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7043738,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02445066652511574,"score_gpt":0.3078722186826537,"score_spread":0.2834215521575379,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}