{"id":"W2004557727","doi":"10.1088/0957-0233/20/11/114005","title":"Investigation and visualization of liquid–liquid flow in a vertically mounted Hele-Shaw cell: flow regimes, velocity and shape of droplets","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Measurement Science and Technology","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Thin Films","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Capillary action; Hele-Shaw flow; Mechanics; Capillary number; Dimensionless quantity; Materials science; Two-phase flow; Flow (mathematics); Drop (telecommunication); Liquid drop; Viscous liquid; Flow visualization; Viscous fingering; Flow velocity; Open-channel flow; Physics; Porous medium; Composite material; Porosity","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009568983,0.00009344002,0.0001645643,0.0003906669,0.00004722003,0.00001277929,0.000104759,0.0001043085,0.000001633757],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002677783,0.00009195548,0.000006661413,0.0008322492,0.0004089437,0.0001401414,0.00003976843,0.00008004754,1.970398e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006277269,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006208269,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001359842,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003301899,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989774,0.00001073057,0.0002338496,0.000236402,0.0003713131,0.0001703395],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995016,0.00000702461,0.00003732143,0.0001529645,0.0002559301,0.00004513462],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002270908,0.00002575426,0.001812231,0.00007276919,0.000003809546,0.000001177854,0.0002194286,0.000344328,0.9869287,0.005292144,0.0000135531,0.00526342],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003918113,0.0004902451,0.005190605,0.0001108389,0.000008174464,0.000003762447,0.00004585178,0.7757878,0.2167263,0.001113255,0.00002351364,0.0001077953],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964173,0.0006953758,0.002201288,0.000307413,0.0000337396,0.0001416394,0.000001818701,0.0000594611,0.0001419007],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977887,0.0002499274,0.001919151,0.00002795638,0.000002569412,0.000004138056,0.000001316326,0.000005046681,0.000001198919],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7754435,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3749836,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01269569273979692,"score_gpt":0.2132878040721419,"score_spread":0.200592111332345,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}