{"id":"W2004722883","doi":"10.1097/ede.0b013e3181a819a1","title":"Overadjustment Bias and Unnecessary Adjustment in Epidemiologic Studies","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Epidemiology","topic":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":1947,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Selection bias; Omitted-variable bias; Confounding; Information bias; Econometrics; Statistics; Proxy (statistics); Causal structure; Sampling bias; Non-response bias; Outcome (game theory); Causal inference; Sample size determination; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.6176038876181804,"score_gpt":0.5397161510959915,"score_spread":0.07788773652218894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}