{"id":"W2005008813","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2009.08.008","title":"Modification of poly(vinylidene fluoride) ultrafiltration membranes with poly(vinyl alcohol) for fouling control in drinking water treatment","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Research","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":221,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Vinyl alcohol; Membrane; Ultrafiltration (renal); Contact angle; Permeation; Fouling; Chemical engineering; Zeta potential; Aqueous solution; Materials science; Membrane fouling; Fluoride; Chemistry; Polymer chemistry; Chromatography; Polymer; Organic chemistry; Inorganic chemistry; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003005204,0.0003419766,0.0003217987,0.0002226321,0.0002828546,0.000381968,0.0002824854,0.0005050977,0.0003655709],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000244995,0.0002161987,0.0004824757,0.0001722081,0.0002038996,0.000397657,0.0001356737,0.000313099,0.0001653272],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004109631,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000231382,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001539736,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001690033,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998277,0.00002998879,0.0000148023,0.00003329224,0.00004559076,0.00004855602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999141,0.00001810754,0.00002048381,0.000009576929,0.00002369868,0.00001400398],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005533384,0.00001981159,0.00008253962,0.00002709122,0.00000674898,0.00001886574,0.00001337243,0.0000874838,0.9979033,0.0000348475,0.00001218916,0.001738278],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003260685,0.00006212157,0.0005755182,0.000001308409,0.000007874353,0.0000259214,0.000005738441,0.0004079635,0.9986147,0.00001115868,0.0002814878,0.000003015025],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924084,0.001501659,0.005355033,0.00006353126,0.00005210229,0.00001431872,0.00003383352,0.00004164254,0.0005295307],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946479,0.0007872222,0.003151241,0.00002661748,0.00001229772,0.000008314885,0.0000456409,0.0000142682,0.001306469],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001539736,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003061473,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06348026622721252,"score_gpt":0.336126960022869,"score_spread":0.2726466937956564,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}