{"id":"W2005594963","doi":"10.1021/es034317l","title":"Mechanisms of Acute and Chronic Waterborne Nickel Toxicity in the Freshwater Cladoceran, <i>Daphnia magna</i>","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":133,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Daphnia magna; Toxicity; Chronic toxicity; Soft water; Acute toxicity; Antagonism; Acute exposure; Respiratory system; Hemoglobin; Chemistry; Animal science; Environmental chemistry; Toxicology; Daphnia; Biology; Internal medicine; Endocrinology; Medicine; Ecology; Crustacean; Biochemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001031654,0.0002927389,0.0003134933,0.0002673008,0.0004369255,0.0000218918,0.001025292,0.0003134095,0.002939678],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002255193,0.0002199166,0.00005593779,0.000980419,0.006983125,0.0003763634,0.0006700683,0.0004619024,0.000284797],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005299863,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001751013,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001853786,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003357561,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972982,0.0001415527,0.0004209021,0.0008189833,0.0004384611,0.000881854],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999091,0.00004633117,0.0001434225,0.0006131559,0.000001091597,0.0001049642],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001344168,0.0003003314,0.0361132,0.000003080637,0.00000907009,0.00003351987,0.0002034357,0.00009423841,0.9594457,0.002695139,0.00008976131,0.0009990803],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008103686,0.0008331191,0.03583743,0.000007164988,0.0000332602,0.0003311695,0.0004991472,0.0001378139,0.9384848,0.01735292,0.00533238,0.0003403976],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943005,0.0001165497,0.0002441081,0.0008473725,0.0001151426,0.0005141794,0.00002226887,0.00003373973,0.003806176],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968142,0.000210525,0.001814206,0.000660531,0.000005621643,0.00009227059,0.000003918242,0.00001628502,0.0003824742],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02096087,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979718,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004171181364830735,"score_gpt":0.1988922705193824,"score_spread":0.1947210891545516,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}