{"id":"W2005641620","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.045","title":"Reductive de-polymerization of kraft lignin for chemicals and fuels using formic acid as an in-situ hydrogen source","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bioresource Technology","topic":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":115,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; FPInnovations; Government of Ontario","keywords":"Formic acid; Lignin; Chemistry; Hydrogen; Polymerization; Nuclear chemistry; Kraft paper; Organic chemistry; Polymer; Materials science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000936717,0.0001355022,0.0002141866,0.0001730474,0.00002699857,0.000006332416,0.0001578495,0.0003528341,0.000001105738],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004176531,0.0001491942,0.00002776922,0.0002145728,0.0001439722,0.00004602475,0.00004611028,0.0001080744,8.154685e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004305351,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001235621,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006474952,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000185595,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992869,0.000007307565,0.0002003883,0.0001964613,0.00005111715,0.0002577803],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996377,0.00002249482,0.00005465989,0.0002161035,0.00001869699,0.00005036652],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003452802,0.00001656067,0.0007599087,0.00006220108,0.00001510816,3.589282e-7,0.0002635381,0.00006394505,0.9967211,0.0001459894,0.00001548793,0.00193234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003809004,0.00006583946,0.00001008569,0.00003842625,0.00001764607,0.00003200925,0.0003206494,0.003124401,0.99388,0.001611571,0.000364155,0.0001543219],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971583,0.0003597756,0.001733226,0.00004895156,0.00001491098,0.0001430473,0.000004248231,0.0002460165,0.0002915028],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996826,0.00001216001,0.003013842,0.00001663806,0.00005129347,0.00002350762,0.000009855975,0.00003596049,0.00001072803],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003060455,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6083964,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006046665449599601,"score_gpt":0.2224854552235491,"score_spread":0.2164387897739495,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}