{"id":"W2005979729","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2007.01.013","title":"Three-dimensional visualization and quantification of non-aqueous phase liquid volumes in natural porous media using a medical X-ray Computed Tomography scanner","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","topic":"Groundwater flow and contamination studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Scanner; Saturation (graph theory); Porosity; Porous medium; Volume (thermodynamics); Tomography; Materials science; Voxel; Soil science; Environmental science; Mineralogy; Geology; Composite material; Optics; Mathematics; Computer science; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001344652,0.0001356801,0.0003927934,0.0003051903,0.0000716897,0.000008491765,0.0001473823,0.0001302888,0.00005726602],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001050453,0.0001086201,0.00006204122,0.0003062212,0.0003584385,0.0002103562,0.00008588652,0.0001887313,0.000001843949],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007181036,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003583351,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003393708,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002563873,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981791,0.00008553756,0.0008057653,0.0001780212,0.0005162224,0.0002353066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989926,0.0002160814,0.00051262,0.00008327547,0.00009596703,0.00009943987],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004011157,0.001967236,0.3666095,0.0000607267,0.0002658637,0.001184458,0.006010754,0.001368125,0.4094251,0.0003988158,0.0003185295,0.2083797],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006009119,0.001885406,0.6826636,0.0001605002,0.000110162,0.001023454,0.0002988553,0.2977639,0.009082703,0.00009441985,0.0005937299,0.0003141614],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8929328,0.0005780637,0.1058632,0.0001402382,0.0003697905,0.0001013964,0.000001472973,0.000004387464,0.000008609088],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991398,0.00001846224,0.0006262813,0.000131171,0.00006068484,9.986042e-7,0.000005534949,0.000008373761,0.000008698687],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4003424,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4429398,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0107784074679801,"score_gpt":0.2738325518760825,"score_spread":0.2630541444081024,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}