{"id":"W2006940354","doi":"10.2118/146661-pa","title":"In-Situ Upgrading of Heavy Oil/Bitumen During Steam Injection by Use of Metal Nanoparticles: A Study on In-Situ Catalysis and Catalyst Transportation","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering","topic":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":136,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Catalysis; Nickel; Nanoparticle; Chemical engineering; Steam injection; Metal; Materials science; van der Waals force; Asphaltene; Porous medium; Porosity; Asphalt; Enhanced oil recovery; Raney nickel; Chemistry; Nanotechnology; Metallurgy; Waste management; Organic chemistry; Composite material; Molecule","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001690471,0.000288431,0.0004008005,0.0001709176,0.0001382173,0.0003250145,0.0002489492,0.0002802986,0.0006510237],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001784393,0.0001625506,0.0003807335,0.0001381929,0.0002192102,0.0002896561,0.0001670271,0.0003222435,0.0001705432],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002232786,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009405688,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009454776,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001214185,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998658,0.00001661162,0.00001042432,0.00003081129,0.00004515614,0.0000312189],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999117,0.00002271243,0.00002298971,0.000008651759,0.00002514949,0.000008800802],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005955627,0.00001731234,0.0001534935,0.00004838682,0.000005061283,0.00003836282,0.00002833249,0.00007665956,0.9985716,0.0000274195,0.000008874624,0.0009649022],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001830232,0.00007320511,0.0003896775,0.000001461408,0.000006541723,0.00001815608,0.00001821816,0.0005872566,0.9986726,0.000006098614,0.0002233583,0.000001713843],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964821,0.0005014462,0.002105974,0.00002589816,0.00001388063,0.00001422648,0.00003997502,0.00002486104,0.0007916028],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974146,0.0003575163,0.001334703,0.0000134571,0.000005936634,0.000008239765,0.00004266403,0.0000145654,0.0008083122],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009454776,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002177894,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02079107050941925,"score_gpt":0.2614550976718558,"score_spread":0.2406640271624365,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}