{"id":"W2007351213","doi":"10.1038/nature08047","title":"The proportionality of global warming to cumulative carbon emissions","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1200,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; Concordia University","funders":"University of Victoria","keywords":"Environmental science; Climate change; Greenhouse gas; Climate sensitivity; Atmospheric sciences; Radiative forcing; Global warming; Carbon cycle; Tonne; Climatology; Climate model; Carbon fibers; Global temperature; Runaway climate change; Atmospheric carbon cycle; Carbon dioxide; Effects of global warming; Carbon sequestration; Chemistry; Ecosystem; Mathematics; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001407759,0.0003641343,0.000327778,0.001339306,0.0003249547,0.001100368,0.0006110566,0.0007233832,0.008303903],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01721954,0.0004149355,0.0005199903,0.001536097,0.001245654,0.002056139,0.0008791361,0.00100292,0.001243261],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006414711,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004911314,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003438838,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003049104,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992272,0.0002069779,0.00003430649,0.0002659563,0.0001924698,0.00007307182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9936888,0.003701882,0.0008128656,0.0009667551,0.0006399027,0.000189817],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007563009,0.0001169841,0.2781022,0.001116542,0.001246179,0.0009756606,0.0008520051,0.1053448,0.0313182,0.3178584,0.009340771,0.2529718],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005150478,0.0001565566,0.3870003,0.0001466222,0.0006663818,0.004044004,0.0004863015,0.08094153,0.007252073,0.4765313,0.04257975,0.0001436221],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7417934,0.02039293,0.1261609,0.008675089,0.001696951,0.0000859225,0.002173037,0.0009226208,0.09809912],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9793823,0.005124359,0.003529703,0.0003848962,0.0006395851,0.00002948692,0.0002242022,0.0001363646,0.01054917],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008303903,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02777934,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004842205940034626,"score_gpt":0.255217739621205,"score_spread":0.2503755336811704,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}