{"id":"W2007403924","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.113.101101","title":"Observation of High-Energy Astrophysical Neutrinos in Three Years of IceCube Data","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1168,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; University of Toronto","funders":"Office of Polar Programs; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; U.S. Department of Energy; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Vetenskapsrådet; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse; National Research Foundation of Korea; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Marsden Fund; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond; National Science Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Science and Technology Facilities Council; National Research Foundation; Western Canada Research Grid; Vlaamse regering; University of Oxford; Compute Canada; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Polarforskningssekretariatet; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","keywords":"Neutrino; Physics; Nuclear physics; Energy (signal processing); Neutrino detector; Astronomy; Particle physics; Astrophysics; Neutrino oscillation","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00192732,0.0003479498,0.0006076738,0.0019914,0.0006882045,0.001275476,0.000508017,0.000627895,0.0004912533],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00211984,0.0002844507,0.0008023783,0.003664145,0.0005726639,0.0005220588,0.001054805,0.0005598088,0.0001917194],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009054323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009535667,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009429687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0184499,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990651,0.0001506891,0.00007925897,0.0001875828,0.0003271063,0.0001903243],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997426,0.0005916063,0.000908341,0.0003949951,0.0003658062,0.0003132369],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00215198,0.0002995454,0.9220944,0.0002652436,0.0009871116,0.002117405,0.001382694,0.006790724,0.03302279,0.001807605,0.006184375,0.02289614],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005055943,0.00008816434,0.9779644,0.00002579982,0.0001259342,0.0007007746,0.0002294521,0.002447465,0.007219833,0.0005283679,0.01056922,0.00005003815],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9879459,0.0003555528,0.001078759,0.0001186548,0.00002442526,0.00003114495,0.008280841,0.0001152598,0.002049447],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.951421,0.0004617683,0.003695841,0.0001279358,0.00004867452,0.0001317985,0.0435099,0.00007938039,0.0005236394],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009429687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01874959,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02357960432184593,"score_gpt":0.2529171449666215,"score_spread":0.2293375406447756,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}