{"id":"W2008007227","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.085","title":"Disinfection byproducts in Canadian provinces: Associated cancer risks and medical expenses","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":112,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","keywords":"Haloacetic acids; Nova scotia; Environmental health; Human health; Water disinfection; Population; Water treatment; Environmental science; Toxicology; Environmental protection; Medicine; Environmental engineering; Geography; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006043678,0.00009540314,0.0001917682,0.00008606521,0.00006067596,0.00004022368,0.00006948035,0.00008251678,0.003531022],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001375009,0.00006964424,0.0000225287,0.00008176704,0.00006517958,0.0003031912,0.0000259765,0.0000613114,0.00002506376],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004656877,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001010909,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.569095,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4903373,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999031,0.0001017857,0.0003017043,0.000119126,0.0002270384,0.0002193611],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995103,0.00001204877,0.000201693,0.00005751857,0.00001456334,0.0002039075],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008293531,0.0001631723,0.9803169,0.000007488648,0.00002907164,0.0001474912,0.001069162,0.000009038967,0.01415912,0.000006958542,0.0006260471,0.003382552],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005473427,0.0001712115,0.9523463,0.00006273772,0.00002860513,0.00006414206,0.00004177882,0.000003336744,0.04593286,0.0003280803,0.0003763849,0.00009719278],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977913,0.00006714832,0.000001634707,0.0001726086,0.0006215903,0.0001076703,0.000006723538,0.00000746717,0.001223872],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996358,0.0001260007,0.00002890791,0.00005033679,0.00007554867,0.000005449958,0.000001864225,0.000008167196,0.00006796204],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07875773,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9973799,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03264294537384087,"score_gpt":0.2620294492368241,"score_spread":0.2293865038629833,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}