{"id":"W2008484920","doi":"10.1093/pan/mpr039","title":"Model-based Clustering and Typologies in the Social Sciences","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Analysis","topic":"Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":147,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Typology; Cluster analysis; Computer science; Curse of dimensionality; Cluster (spacecraft); Sociology; Artificial intelligence; Data science; Machine learning; Epistemology; Management science; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00247122,0.0000710067,0.0002098489,0.0003740352,0.0007534675,0.00009484652,0.0003815119,0.00004269153,0.0003105348],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006032883,0.00004712669,0.000123284,0.002031676,0.002632165,0.0001127269,0.00005859711,0.0001190685,0.00001658847],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005512491,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001052567,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007975433,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01584727,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974514,0.001204115,0.0001692,0.000216373,0.0004672795,0.0004916733],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989957,0.0007387074,0.00002990738,0.00008637575,0.00008435918,0.00006497647],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006442387,0.00005021549,0.04151055,0.000002713249,0.00008075793,0.000001738683,0.02740534,0.0001623484,0.000008533307,0.9305784,0.00005058102,0.0001424194],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002001057,0.00006712269,0.1717143,0.000004805703,0.0004742374,1.123698e-7,0.130863,0.4295579,0.00006049814,0.2664803,0.0002987763,0.0002788726],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5964789,0.0001007968,0.04750823,0.0144818,0.00001134904,0.0001554929,0.000008621742,0.00003637981,0.3412184],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979454,0.000004025811,0.001254519,0.0006233985,0.00002967763,0.00001500611,9.73175e-7,0.000001778418,0.0001252743],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6640981,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986305,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.5103260896461577,"score_gpt":0.5439912731955652,"score_spread":0.03366518354940751,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}