{"id":"W2008540208","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0098207","title":"Metformin Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest Mediated by Oxidative Stress, AMPK and FOXO3a in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":282,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"NOSM University; Lakehead University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; Lakehead University","keywords":"Metformin; Oxidative stress; Apoptosis; MCF-7; Cell cycle; Viability assay; Protein kinase B; Chemistry; MTT assay; AMPK; Cancer cell; Cell growth; Endocrinology; Cancer research; Internal medicine; Biology; Medicine; Insulin; Cancer; Protein kinase A; Phosphorylation; Biochemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012733,0.000170341,0.0002568671,0.00003865616,0.00004400244,0.00002835444,0.0001045254,0.0001456417,0.00004486823],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002721009,0.0001578878,0.00002039859,0.00008256302,0.00009718669,0.00001119129,0.00007761795,0.0001039125,0.000003529321],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001029139,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003019923,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003156576,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002389413,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999009,0.00006793885,0.0001685672,0.0003557806,0.0001409514,0.0002577759],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995368,0.00002725874,0.00008863174,0.0001722691,0.0000517708,0.0001232968],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003371542,0.0002967211,0.003533326,0.0000843184,0.00008669821,1.608336e-7,0.0001046901,0.000001728081,0.9865607,0.000003689577,0.000526353,0.008767878],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007449708,0.00006348307,0.00174823,0.00005635687,0.00007376573,1.456726e-7,0.00007915805,0.00005461934,0.9948173,0.00003205481,0.002118726,0.0002111684],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9494204,0.0496666,0.000006091244,0.00005080122,0.00004822641,0.0001553992,0.0004179363,0.00000764594,0.0002269295],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9475937,0.05155364,0.0001546924,0.0002445258,0.0001616665,0.00006890347,0.0001229937,0.00002201831,0.00007787999],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008556709,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6438478,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008777762513568169,"score_gpt":0.2035435693184802,"score_spread":0.194765806804912,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}