{"id":"W2008727361","doi":"10.1007/s00442-008-1172-1","title":"Exotic herbivores directly facilitate the exotic grasses they graze: mechanisms for an unexpected positive feedback between invaders","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Oecologia","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biology; Herbivore; Branta; Biological dispersal; Introduced species; Ecology; Grazing; Forb; Invasive species; Seed dispersal; Abundance (ecology); Exclosure; Endangered species; Habitat; Grassland; Goose","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005696179,0.0003539606,0.0003766258,0.0002960754,0.0005006715,0.001203826,0.000420246,0.0007077802,0.005712203],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001283469,0.0003097984,0.0002946168,0.0001367493,0.0007497704,0.001646974,0.001295062,0.0007966605,0.0004442148],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002395167,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001821249,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005624482,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001684916,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997692,0.0000466484,0.000006808848,0.00006718811,0.00004355903,0.00006676788],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998743,0.0003871475,0.0002280307,0.000181424,0.0001345554,0.0003258738],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001160189,0.0003452774,0.07701419,0.000522773,0.0002394501,0.0008921731,0.00119885,0.001069772,0.8619112,0.01707404,0.001763524,0.03680869],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003140556,0.002209122,0.8447895,0.0001134079,0.0005081014,0.003234416,0.005313011,0.0132561,0.07366069,0.03788588,0.01856554,0.0001501087],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9909132,0.0005121128,0.001543895,0.000584828,0.00003651029,0.000006306821,0.00003228536,0.00005114266,0.006319737],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979752,0.0001787339,0.0006136226,0.0001979521,0.00002726574,0.000005067405,0.0000204361,0.00001270605,0.0009690428],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005712203,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01910925,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06385050249247982,"score_gpt":0.2540262646664864,"score_spread":0.1901757621740066,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}