{"id":"W2009106885","doi":"10.1029/2011jd016460","title":"Frost flowers growing in the Arctic ocean‐atmosphere–sea ice–snow interface: 1. Chemical composition","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory; University of California, Davis; Institut Polaire Français Paul Emile Victor; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Sea ice; Frost (temperature); Brine; Oceanography; Seawater; Environmental science; Arctic ice pack; Snow; Chemical composition; Geology; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009298379,0.0001921568,0.0002091065,0.0002735427,0.0005308689,0.0004619981,0.0001369815,0.0002225958,0.0006220719],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009909365,0.0001783718,0.0001979668,0.0002033473,0.0002264687,0.0002657702,0.0002194898,0.0002391495,0.0001179129],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003798023,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001449966,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0213873,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04554939,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999459,0.000004430524,0.000003048477,0.00002056966,0.00001190349,0.00001414774],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999058,0.00001418201,0.00003058137,0.000003965069,0.0000204542,0.00002490866],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005770805,0.0000676936,0.4913823,0.00006748341,0.00006116873,0.0003097376,0.001020568,0.0002495114,0.501877,0.00005789489,0.00009414671,0.004235428],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002045596,0.00004897767,0.9942826,0.000003128521,0.000009157448,0.00006312122,0.0003571533,0.0001735418,0.004777795,0.00001182241,0.0002668003,0.000003885262],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993898,0.00008696405,0.0000493166,0.00000486522,0.000001424319,0.000002826983,0.000134204,0.000002128402,0.0003285997],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988728,0.00008410757,0.0002600433,0.00001755977,0.000002083448,0.000004336245,0.0003463008,0.000003953252,0.0004089607],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0213873,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04252565,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0278834680409136,"score_gpt":0.276186683974649,"score_spread":0.2483032159337354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}