{"id":"W2009284900","doi":"10.1111/j.1445-6664.2004.00126.x","title":"Application method of nitrogen fertilizer affects weed growth and competition with winter wheat","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Biology and Management","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Sowing; Agronomy; Weed; Weed control; Nitrogen; Fertilizer; Ammonium nitrate; Crop; Biology; Tillage; Shoot; Competition (biology); Field experiment; Biomass (ecology); Human fertilization; Yield (engineering); Ammonium; Mathematics; Chemistry; Materials science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003575433,0.0003044159,0.0003294604,0.0002211132,0.0001836208,0.0002938425,0.0002776919,0.0003159799,0.0006066423],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006593387,0.0001819969,0.0001800939,0.0001640873,0.0001670706,0.0002272738,0.0001695955,0.0002079622,0.0001021783],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005674636,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003443034,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005360669,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01439514,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996809,0.0001174532,0.00002272142,0.00006943473,0.0000732605,0.0000361846],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994444,0.0002163864,0.00018256,0.00002290823,0.00005976811,0.00007397548],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008098431,0.0002249124,0.01664767,0.0001027518,0.00003744825,0.00009251063,0.00004307538,0.0002239301,0.9755633,0.00001380406,0.00004036937,0.006200274],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001169701,0.008801713,0.8144025,0.0000228521,0.0001544828,0.000332104,0.0002545805,0.003828699,0.1697715,0.00008535384,0.002182425,0.00004669464],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989958,0.0002427417,0.0003409054,0.00001614876,0.000007468141,0.00001568418,0.00003450939,0.000008163006,0.0003385781],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997564,0.0002861299,0.001153138,0.00004306275,0.000006435656,0.00002488137,0.000103712,0.000008336368,0.0008102892],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005360669,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007204466514545688,"score_gpt":0.2260585619574585,"score_spread":0.2188540954429128,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}