{"id":"W2009410358","doi":"10.1021/ef9010669","title":"Upgrading Bio-oil through Emulsification with Biodiesel: Mixture Production","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Fuels","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":161,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Biodiesel; Thermogravimetric analysis; Pyrolysis; Biofuel; Biomass (ecology); Volume (thermodynamics); Viscosity; Chemical engineering; Pulp and paper industry; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Materials science; Thermal decomposition; Lignin; Renewable fuels; Mixing (physics); Biodiesel production; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Fossil fuel; Waste management; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003837949,0.0007817105,0.0007169235,0.001066296,0.0002078595,0.0007341859,0.0005193737,0.0004438732,0.001183966],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000404597,0.0003199507,0.0005198601,0.0007943514,0.0002154108,0.001100483,0.0008828351,0.0006671613,0.0009450557],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000318319,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002317476,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005136834,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007112636,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997308,0.00003677908,0.00003280929,0.00005233078,0.0001094316,0.00003796037],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999083,0.00001351889,0.00002446395,0.00001075126,0.00002198361,0.00002107422],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001109963,0.00007076774,0.0001974871,0.00009242237,0.00001133887,0.00006645858,0.00001400573,0.0003373477,0.9900838,0.0001184099,0.00002104215,0.008876009],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007132184,0.00009200788,0.0001623463,0.000004300337,0.00001216555,0.00005314212,0.000004046856,0.0005904948,0.9980165,0.00002334061,0.001031659,0.00000295701],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9292386,0.005902173,0.05946296,0.0001480402,0.00006842841,0.0002277076,0.0002441814,0.0005656893,0.004142297],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9431893,0.003909017,0.04736011,0.00004908067,0.00001589105,0.00008483591,0.0003424121,0.0001385985,0.004910776],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001183966,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003960729,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008426788600286521,"score_gpt":0.1986199983146485,"score_spread":0.190193209714362,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}