{"id":"W2009709182","doi":"10.1021/ef2005496","title":"Speciation of Selenium, Arsenic, and Zinc in Class C Fly Ash","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Fuels","topic":"Coal and Its By-products","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Basic Energy Sciences; Office of Science; Argonne National Laboratory; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Washington University in St. Louis","keywords":"Fly ash; Arsenic; Environmental chemistry; Coal; Selenium; Zinc; Trace element; Chemistry; Coal combustion products; Genetic algorithm; Dissolution; Mineralogy; Metallurgy; Materials science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001368171,0.0000705265,0.000115937,0.00006702211,0.00002440054,0.000008106306,0.00008095754,0.00004396567,0.001002003],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001939028,0.0000591069,0.00001649436,0.0001409111,0.00003758521,0.0001451515,0.00001079036,0.00004851519,0.00003338687],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001821793,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002501849,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003403231,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01642416,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993774,0.00003509657,0.0001539374,0.0001689102,0.0001086411,0.0001560429],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999736,0.00002819776,0.00005497611,0.0001103975,0.00002114217,0.0000493531],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001664131,0.00009516753,0.7422183,0.00004915602,0.00003194039,0.00001939561,0.001742339,0.00009074585,0.0175844,0.006959517,0.002333436,0.2287093],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001864526,0.00008992344,0.9194522,0.000009816154,0.000005082713,0.000004613953,0.0000564115,0.0001038438,0.04223714,0.002398046,0.03535169,0.0001047731],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9509244,0.0006561245,0.000007880018,0.0001278137,0.0001961579,0.00002657126,0.00001011545,0.00001114444,0.04803977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997644,0.0002067468,0.0003016424,0.00008397818,0.0001176893,2.758933e-7,0.00002151319,0.000001810874,0.001622351],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2286045,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999112,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02006906287571708,"score_gpt":0.1803816929640176,"score_spread":0.1603126300883005,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}