{"id":"W2009983474","doi":"10.1088/0031-9155/54/20/008","title":"The accuracy of EGSnrc, Geant4 and PENELOPE Monte Carlo systems for the simulation of electron scatter in external beam radiotherapy","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics in Medicine and Biology","topic":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":88,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"National Cancer Institute","keywords":"Fluence; Monte Carlo method; Physics; Electron; Range (aeronautics); Atomic number; Beam (structure); Radiation; Computational physics; Cathode ray; Atomic physics; Optics; Materials science; Irradiation; Nuclear physics; Mathematics; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002452562,0.00008713984,0.0002374832,0.00002803496,0.00003660343,0.000003545029,0.00009341999,0.00002607163,9.84225e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001039541,0.00004537537,0.00002093001,0.00007192975,0.0001592567,0.00004264011,0.000007312563,0.00009120411,5.948823e-9],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001048008,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001100402,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002483077,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004333381,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994512,0.0000421428,0.0002307209,0.0001131323,0.00003652252,0.0001263499],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989455,0.0007346978,0.0001562296,0.0001187774,0.00003448484,0.00001036322],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006328826,0.0001782144,0.1620592,0.00006816417,0.0001548257,3.14585e-7,0.002851184,0.02494804,0.2349952,0.05901131,0.0001626172,0.5149381],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01452139,0.00681254,0.106296,0.00111415,0.0001527276,0.000006748525,0.002049325,0.5343604,0.06446791,0.2520941,0.01716266,0.0009619943],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7639362,0.01271252,0.2219492,0.0006831471,0.00005637821,0.0006149965,0.000006486997,0.000005305645,0.00003573442],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975153,0.001717092,0.0003618197,0.00009337316,0.0002733265,0.00002361659,0.000002466075,0.000005471977,0.00000748418],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.513976,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1850354,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06164340470885276,"score_gpt":0.3988900105918305,"score_spread":0.3372466058829777,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}