{"id":"W2010320842","doi":"10.1111/j.1445-6664.2009.00326.x","title":"Biology of milk thistle (<i>Silybum marianum</i>) and the management options for growers in north‐western Pakistan","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Biology and Management","topic":"Silymarin and Mushroom Poisoning","field":"Medicine","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Silybum marianum; Milk Thistle; Thistle; Biology; Weed; Weed control; Agronomy; Crop; Agroforestry; Cirsium arvense; Herb; Crop rotation; Botany; Medicinal herbs; Traditional medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003545392,0.000127122,0.000284183,0.000149969,0.0000766475,0.000006872704,0.00008292183,0.00007794786,0.000008969886],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000657498,0.00008567594,0.00005083791,0.0001171925,0.0002557184,0.00002094464,0.00009499252,0.00008062299,0.00000136235],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002003238,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004782872,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001032723,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002188204,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991573,0.00005230226,0.0002634811,0.0002643317,0.00003560708,0.0002269614],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996058,0.0000670564,0.0000717382,0.0001957406,0.00001741395,0.00004225794],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002328104,0.000246873,0.1074432,0.000563445,0.0006612469,0.00003189212,0.0008513904,0.00000393597,0.001085749,0.748816,0.0008459015,0.1371222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01203748,0.0007013742,0.9059922,0.00009536376,0.000414977,0.00001530634,0.001012151,0.0000758266,0.00009732092,0.009308214,0.07005294,0.0001968275],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9340087,0.006663131,0.004655448,0.01591487,0.0005367718,0.00531845,0.00003422039,0.0000834987,0.03278498],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925432,0.001781001,0.002296074,0.001953845,0.00003482534,0.0001434746,0.00005369022,0.000006450256,0.001187449],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.798549,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3493764,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0126471755477643,"score_gpt":0.2984205427362973,"score_spread":0.285773367188533,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}