{"id":"W2010392324","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2011.03.008","title":"Characteristics of the prices of operating reserves and regulation services in competitive electricity markets","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Policy","topic":"Electric Power System Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Volatility (finance); Electricity; Economics; Predictability; Monetary economics; Electricity market; Agricultural economics; Business; Econometrics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003293321,0.0002231419,0.0006436461,0.0009643781,0.000395896,0.002337689,0.0008171927,0.0009366018,0.004313559],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0351017,0.0005646981,0.0004632668,0.001120608,0.0008187349,0.00224768,0.0003380472,0.001111903,0.000333383],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001340978,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007867237,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002265807,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002296867,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998885,0.0003137804,0.00008416179,0.0001320287,0.0003439512,0.0002411328],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9497111,0.04113202,0.0050278,0.0006872433,0.002350437,0.0010914],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004578989,0.0006351942,0.1152732,0.0003447456,0.000313496,0.002240922,0.0008517397,0.5620245,0.01897878,0.2495266,0.009389062,0.03584274],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001434384,0.0003517109,0.09015976,0.00002275395,0.00005626874,0.0008388517,0.0005873456,0.8519168,0.003088762,0.05144609,0.001291168,0.00009699057],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9830089,0.0001670614,0.009318593,0.0004652831,0.00002134267,0.00003744476,0.0004764226,0.00007222383,0.00643265],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986462,0.00003259447,0.0006077152,0.00001914311,0.00001440201,0.000008038389,0.000166291,0.0000181402,0.0004874949],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004313559,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01741695,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00613797653479697,"score_gpt":0.1888168639232018,"score_spread":0.1826788873884048,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}