{"id":"W2010790816","doi":"10.1186/1747-5341-3-24","title":"The 'Brain Drain' of Physicians: Historical antecedents to an ethical debate, c. 1960-79","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine","topic":"Global Health Workforce Issues","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Women's College Hospital; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Scholarship; Political science; Globalization; Health care; Developed country; Economic growth; Medicine; Law; Population; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0120354,0.0005221934,0.0004042889,0.001727237,0.02664274,0.01443215,0.001124089,0.01646191,0.002877119],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02807096,0.0006022083,0.0002634387,0.002474855,0.08753615,0.008421841,0.007197139,0.01797183,0.0005159865],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02239138,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0174071,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03668797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03276299,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9887504,0.00706124,0.000369309,0.001180814,0.001446234,0.001192047],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9691401,0.02579196,0.001777834,0.0004739217,0.001356568,0.001459726],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002547373,0.00002426722,0.0005668796,0.00008971354,0.00000434057,0.0009710324,0.1433635,0.0001177484,0.00009259623,0.8035324,0.04287427,0.008337862],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000305226,0.0000430404,0.001590365,0.001263266,0.000005463912,0.001067687,0.05122769,0.000159576,0.0001986228,0.1028851,0.8414713,0.00005737317],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04999345,0.1118181,0.001457905,0.6115884,0.006270571,0.00005629017,0.00004984065,0.00002566761,0.2187397],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7234458,0.03992952,0.0008475519,0.1924363,0.006686402,0.0001234512,0.00002190033,0.000102238,0.03640681],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9733573,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1624616,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2262386379880634,"score_gpt":0.4684809757810071,"score_spread":0.2422423377929437,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}