{"id":"W2011116924","doi":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.02.023","title":"Numerical investigation of soot formation mechanisms in partially-premixed ethylene–air co-flow flames","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Combustion and Flame","topic":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; Canada Research Chairs; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Soot; Acetylene; Laminar flow; Diffusion flame; Combustion; Ethylene; Yield (engineering); Equivalence ratio; Chemistry; Premixed flame; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chemical engineering; Organic chemistry; Metallurgy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002786296,0.000458442,0.0005946513,0.0004567446,0.0008402886,0.0006919885,0.0007856765,0.001003681,0.001629334],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00109106,0.0003334027,0.0005109814,0.0003559804,0.0006978941,0.000471301,0.0003869529,0.0003940522,0.0001006706],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007626161,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007833909,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009632993,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005275032,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999068,0.0000165679,0.000005012704,0.00001466095,0.00002816281,0.00002886869],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995054,0.0002764163,0.00006593159,0.00003559518,0.0000664426,0.00005017839],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005440629,0.0001972496,0.005710641,0.0001320804,0.00005112799,0.0003785489,0.0001094256,0.935033,0.04736092,0.006349149,0.0002185458,0.003915342],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004048598,0.00004551002,0.00137983,0.000003657895,0.000007214692,0.00002810106,0.00002764414,0.9937528,0.004287269,0.0002920653,0.0001269654,0.000008420764],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9862273,0.0002006477,0.006604047,0.0001072207,0.00003577632,0.00003815611,0.0001289806,0.00008316524,0.006574735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973289,0.00005026509,0.001810591,0.00001028373,0.000005338629,0.00000982162,0.00003677508,0.00000847292,0.0007396403],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009632993,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01915389,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0191341484489808,"score_gpt":0.2468607745292059,"score_spread":0.2277266260802251,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}